The most expensive gemstone based on the price per carat rubies stand at a mohs hardness level of 9 which makes them quite strong and scratch resistant. Corundum can scratch itself topaz 8 quartz 7 and anything softer.
Find the traditional scale here and a chart of select gems ordered by hardness.
Mohs scale gemstones. It is universally used around the world as a way of distinguishing minerals. The mohs hardness scale measures a mineral s resistance to scratching. This is a guideline not a hard and fast rule.
Friedrich mohs simply gathered 10 gemstones that represent the most common gemstone families gypsum calcite fluorite apatite orthoclase quartz topaz corundum and diamond and set about scratching them against each other until he was able to develop a hierarchy of scratchability the mohs hardness scale. The higher the number the harder the mineral. Only a diamond can scratch a diamond.
The mohs scale of mineral hardness is a qualitative ordinal scale characterizing scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of harder material to scratch softer material. Another 9 on the mohs hardness scale sapphires belong to the same gemstone family as rubies i e corundum. Instead it ranks gems on a relative scale based on their scratch hardness so although corundum ruby or sapphire is a 9 a diamond at 10 is many times harder.
A scratch test is not really recommended as using something harder than 7 5 on the mohs scale to scratch a sample would only end up possibly damaging a valuable gemstone and using a potential grandidierite to mark glass or a weaker material is risky too. Mohs hardness scale for gemstones. This scale was devised by a german mineralogist frederick mohs in 1822.
Fro example corundum sapphire and ruby was used to scratch apatite corundum left a scratch on the surface of apatite and so this mineral should sit higher on the scale. Wearability can be graded as excellent very good good poor or display only. The mohs scale is a not a linear scale.
The method of comparing hardness by observing which minerals can scratch others is of great antiquity having been mentioned by theophrastus. The mohs hardness scale starts with talc at 1 being the softest mineral and ending with diamond at 10 being the hardest mineral. A 7 or higher on the mohs scale usually indicates a gem is hard enough for normal jewelry use.
The mohs scale was created by trying to scratch one mineral with another and then recording which mineral left a scratch. Pearls and opals are some of the most popular jewelry gems but are well below 7. It defines hardness in terms of scratch resistance where a harder mineral will scratch a softer one but not vice versa.
In gemology gem hardness is measured on a scale known as the mohs scale which assigns minerals a value between 1 softest and 10 hardest. Created in 1812 by german geologist and mineralogist friedrich mohs it is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science some of which are more quantitative.
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